Natural graphite is mostly used for refractories, batteries, steelmaking, expanded graphite, brake linings, foundry facings and lubricants.
The use of graphite as a refractory heat resistant material began before 1900 with the graphite crucible used to hold molten metal this is now a minor part of refractories. In the mid 1980s, the carbon magnesitebrick became important, and a bit later the alumina graphite shape. As of 2017 the order of